Smart materials
Smart materials are reactive materials. Their properties can be changed by exposure to stimuli, such as electric and magnetic fields, stress, moisture and temperature.
Smart colours
Smart colours are pigments which can be incorporated into paints, dyes, inks and plastics.
- thermochromic pigments react to changes in temperature
- photochromic pigments react to changes in light levels
Photochromatic materials are used in the manufacture of sunglasses. Exposure to sunlight causes the lens of the glasses to darken to protect the eye.
Polymorph
Polymorph is available in small pellets which fuse together when heated to 62˚C. It can be moulded into shape resulting in a very tough polymer. Unused pellets can be re-heated and re-used.
Polymorph is used for:
- manufacturing awkward shapes such as ergonomic handles
- joining components together
- making moulds for vacuum forming
Smart grease
Smart grease is used to control movement, producing a dampened, slowed down feeling. For example, smart grease is used on volume control knobs and microscope slides.
Conductive polymers
Most plastics are natural insulators. The advantages of making plastics which areconductors are:
- they are easier to manufacture
- they are lighter and cheaper than metals
- they prevent the build-up of static electricity which can damage microcircuits
Some conductive polymers are also biocompatible, making them suitable for use in medical devices.
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles improve the mechanical properties of a material, such as stiffness orelasticity. When incorporated into polymers, they can be used as lightweight replacements for metals.
Nanomaterials are used in car manufacturing to create cars that are faster, safer and more fuel efficient. They can also be used to produce more efficient insulation and lighting systems.
