Floorplanner video tutorials

Video tutorials to make a 2D o 3D nice house planning



And more...

And the printable tutorial

Resistant materials video summary

This video from GCSE Bitesize sumarizes resistant materials types and properties.

Animation of aluminium extrusion process

Here you have a short video on the process of metal extrusion.

Isometric graph paper

In this site you can print isometric and other types of graph paper in differents sizes and spacings,

http://www.printfreegraphpaper.com/

Sistema dièdric

Generació de vistes

En les següents pàgines trobareu exercicis de vistes de diversos nivells, alguns amb possibilitat de fer girar la figura per dibuixar-la millor.

Nivell elemental - online

Nivell elemental - fitxa en pdf

Nivell mig - online

Nivell mig - fitxa en pdf

I aquí podeu generar els vostres propis exercicis:
http://www.educacionplastica.net/3dcube_model/3d_gen_eje.htm

Generació de peces a partir de vistes

I aquí trobareu exercicis ordenats per nivells per generar peces a partir de les vistes.

Les de nivell 0 són de diferents colors per ajudar a veure els diferents blocs.

Nivell 0

Nivell 1

Nivell 2

Gears

Simple machines - working together

Simple machines - Inclined planes

Simple machines - Pulleys

Simple machines - Wheels and axles

Simple machines - Levers

Watch this video. It's clear, complete and fun.

Materials - Who is who?

Which material do I have in the bag?

• Make teams of 4 people.

• Each team writes a list of 4 to 8 different materials and make sure they know the properties of them and what they are used for.

• The teams take turns to make questions that can be answered by "yes", "no", "quite", "not really" in order to guess which material the other team has in its bag? Each time the question must be asked by a different member of the team.

Is it ... [adjective]?Is it good for making ... [object]?
Is  it ... [material]?

List of properties	List of materials
electrical conductor	wool
thermal insulator	rayon
acoustic	aluminium
expands and contracts with temperature changes	polyamide
capable of welding	coal
transparent	diamond
translucent	polyester
opaque	cork
elastic	plastic
plastic	talc
malleable	hide
ductile	hardwood
strongh	sand
hard	rubber
tough	clay
dense	glass
porous	brass
permeable / waterproof	cotton (fabric)
prone to rust	cast iron
recycable / reusable	concrete
biodegradable	oil (petrol)
toxic	prefabricated wood
	paper
	marble
	softwood
	sponge
	linen
	steel
	silk

What is this?

What is this? - Materials and design starters

Designers are making surprising objects. What do you think are these?

Here you'll find the answers.

Metal machining

Very nice video on how metals are machined

WOOD CUTTING STYLES

This is an interesting video that show how trunks are cut and why.

WOOD BURNING WITH ELECTRICITY

What happens when you apply 15000 volts to a wood plank? Find out in this video.

IMPOSSIBLE NAIL-THROUGH-WOOD

How is this nail put into this piece of wood?



There is no other possibility but to twist the wood and reshaping it after putting the nail in place, but to do this you must alter the wood properties, because it can't be done if the wood is rigid.

You'll get the answer in this video:

MATERIALS

Some interesting articles from the Explain That Stuff website:

MATERIALS SCIENCE 

http://www.explainthatstuff.com/materials-science.html (14/10/2015)

WOOD

http://www.explainthatstuff.com/wood.html (14/10/2015)

METALS

http://www.explainthatstuff.com/introduction-to-metals.html

PLASTICS

http://www.explainthatstuff.com/plastics.html

COMPOSITES AND LAMINATES

http://www.explainthatstuff.com/composites.html

COMPONENTS, JOINTS AND ADHESIVES

Components are the smaller parts that make up a product, often used to join materials together. Different kinds of component are used to join plastics, woods and metals, and adhesives are used to join materials together by glueing.

Components

Components made from resistant materials are usually bought ready-made. The most common components are nails, screws, hinges andcatches.

Common components

Component	Description and use
Nails	Generally used where appearance is not important or where a quick job is needed. Made of mild steel.
Panel pins and veneer pins	Used to fix backs onto cupboards and bottoms onto boxes. Veneer pins are finer (or thinner). Made of mild steel.
Wood screws	Used to join metal or plastic components to wood, or to join two pieces of wood to make a strong joint.
Machine screws	Have a screw thread to fit into a threaded hole or a hexagonal nut. They can be used to join two or more pieces of metal or plastic.
Bolts	Have a screw thread which fits into a threaded hole or a hexagonal nut, and are normally used to join two or more pieces of metal or plastic. A bolt is only threaded for part of its length. Bolts normally have hexagonal heads.
Set screws	Have a screw thread along the whole or most of their length, and normally have hexagonal heads.
Pop rivets	Originally designed for use in the aircraft industry but are now used in many different products. They are often used where there is only access to one side of the material.
Hinges, catches and locks	Used on boxes, cabinets and cupboards. They can be used on products made from wood, metal or plastic. They are normally fixed to the product with wood screws or machine screws and nuts.

FROM: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/resistantmaterials/materialcomponentadhesiverev1.shtml (14/10/2015)

JOINING METAL

Metal joints can be made by brazing, soldering, welding or using rivets.

Brazing

Brazing is a way of bonding materials by melting a filler metal or alloy between the components. The filler metals used in brazing must have a lower melting point than that of the material being joined. Brazing forms very strong, permanent joints.

Soldering

Soldering is a type of brazing which works at lower temperatures.

• Soft soldering is used to make permanent joints between copper, brass, tin-plate or light steelwork, and is normally used to join components to electronic circuit boards.
• Hard soldering is used for stronger joints.

Welding

In welding, two pieces of metal are melted along the joints - fusing together as they cool. No filler is used. A filler rod may be used for a really strong joint.

Machine screws

Machine screws are special screws for joining metal components. Holes have to be pre-drilled into the component. They must have the correct internal thread.

Rivets

Rivets are used to join metal, plastics and plywood. The rivet is placed in a hole drilled through both pieces of material, and its end beaten into a dome. A tool called a rivet set or a rivet snap is used to to finish the joint. Some rivets are countersunk.

Pop rivets are used where there is only access to one side of the work. They are used to join thin sheets of material together.

FROM: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/resistantmaterials/materialcomponentadhesiverev4.shtml (14/10/2015)

JOINING WOOD

The method used for joining wood will depend on the function, strength and quality of the product.

Wood joints can be made with screws, nails, glues and knock-down components, or with frame joints, such as butt joints, halving joints, mortice-and-tenon, dovetail and box joints.

Screws

Two sizes of hole are needed. The clearance hole must be very slightly bigger than the shankof the screw so that the shank can move freely in the clearance hole. The pilot hole must be smaller than the core of the screw so that the core fits tightly into it.

Nails

Nails are cheaper and easier to use than screws and come in many shapes and sizes. Holes need to be drilled to prevent the wood from splitting, or when using hard woods.

Knock-down joints

Knock-down (KD) joints are commonly used in flat-pack furniture, which is assembled by the customer at home. Usually KD joints are made from a plastic, such as nylon.

Frame joints

Strong, permanent and neat-looking joints in wood are achieved using one of the many types of frame joint. Frame joints are right-angled, jointed frames common in furniture, boxes and many other types of assembly.

Simple frame joints

More complex frame joints

Edging

Lipping is a strip of wood used to reinforce a joint, or to make the edge of a piece of wood look neater.

With floorboards or timber cladding, the edge of a thin strip of wood fits into a slot in the next piece of wood. This is called a tongue-and-groove joint.

FROM: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/resistantmaterials/materialcomponentadhesiverev3.shtml (14/10/2015)

Materials - Test

1.

Why are hardwood timbers so called?

Because they are hard to cut.

Because they are hard to get hold of.

Because of their cell structure.

2.

Where do softwood timbers come from?

Coniferous trees

Deciduous trees

Ferrous trees

3.

What do ferrous metals contain?

Aluminium

Copper

Iron

4.

What do we call a mixture of two or more metals, or elements such as carbon?

Mixture

Compound

Alloy

5.

How many times can thermoplastics be heated and shaped?

Once

Three times

Many times

6.

What are composite materials made of?

A combination of a thermoplastic material and a suitable special agent.

A combination of a thermoset material and a suitable bonding agent.

A combination of a reinforcing material and a suitable bonding agent.

7.

What are smart materials?

Materials that react to a stimulus, such as temperature or moisture.

Materials that can be shaped many times.

Materials that change into a liquid or molten state when heated.

8.

Which of the following reacts to changes in light levels?

Thermochromic pigments

Polymorph

Photochromic pigments

9.

If a material can permanently deform in all directions without cracking, it is:

Ductile

Malleable

Elastic

10.

If a material can withstand sudden blows or shocks without breaking, it is:

Durable

Tough

Hard

FROM: http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/quiz/q49805135 (14/10/2015)

Smart materials

Smart materials are reactive materials. Their properties can be changed by exposure to stimuli, such as electric and magnetic fields, stress, moisture and temperature.

Smart colours

Smart colours are pigments which can be incorporated into paints, dyes, inks and plastics.

• thermochromic pigments react to changes in temperature
• photochromic pigments react to changes in light levels

Photochromatic materials are used in the manufacture of sunglasses. Exposure to sunlight causes the lens of the glasses to darken to protect the eye.

Polymorph

Polymorph is available in small pellets which fuse together when heated to 62˚C. It can be moulded into shape resulting in a very tough polymer. Unused pellets can be re-heated and re-used.

Polymorph is used for:

• manufacturing awkward shapes such as ergonomic handles
• joining components together
• making moulds for vacuum forming

Smart grease

Smart grease is used to control movement, producing a dampened, slowed down feeling. For example, smart grease is used on volume control knobs and microscope slides.

Conductive polymers

Most plastics are natural insulators. The advantages of making plastics which areconductors are:

• they are easier to manufacture
• they are lighter and cheaper than metals
• they prevent the build-up of static electricity which can damage microcircuits

Some conductive polymers are also biocompatible, making them suitable for use in medical devices.

Nanomaterials

Nanoparticles improve the mechanical properties of a material, such as stiffness orelasticity. When incorporated into polymers, they can be used as lightweight replacements for metals.

Nanomaterials are used in car manufacturing to create cars that are faster, safer and more fuel efficient. They can also be used to produce more efficient insulation and lighting systems.

FROM: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/resistantmaterials/materialsmaterialsrev5.shtml (14/10/2015)

Plastics

Sources of plastics

Natural

Natural sources of plastics include:

• plants - from which cellulose can be extracted
• trees - from which latex, amber and resin can be extracted
• animals - from which horn and milk (used to make glues) are obtained
• insects - from which shellac (used to make polish) is obtained

Synthetic

Synthetic plastics are chemically manufactured from:

• crude oil
• coal
• natural gas

Thermoplastics and thermoset plastics

Plastics are divided into thermoplastics and thermoset plastics.

Thermoplastics can be heated and shaped many times.

Properties and uses of thermoplastics.

Name	Properties	Principal uses
Polyamide (Nylon)	Creamy colour, tough, fairlyhard, resists wear, self-lubricating, good resistance to chemicals and machines	Bearings, gear wheels, casings for power tools, hinges for small cupboards, curtain rail fittings and clothing
Polymethyl methacrylate (Acrylic)	Stiff, hard but scratches easily, durable, brittle in small sections, good electrical insulator, machines and polishes well	Signs, covers of storage boxes, aircraft canopies and windows, covers for car lights, wash basins and baths
Polypropylene	Light, hard but scratches easily, tough, good resistance to chemicals, resists work fatigue	Medical equipment, laboratory equipment, containers with built-in hinges, 'plastic' seats, string, rope, kitchen equipment
Polystyrene	Light, hard, stiff, transparent, brittle, with good water resistance	Toys, especially model kits, packaging, 'plastic' boxes and containers
Low density polythene (LDPE)	Tough, good resistance to chemicals, flexible, fairly soft, good electrical insulator	Packaging, especially bottles, toys, packaging film and bags
High density polythene (HDPE)	Hard, stiff, able to be sterilised	Plastic bottles, tubing, household equipment

Thermoset plastics can only be heated and shaped once.

Properties and uses of the thermoset plastics.

Name	Properties	Principal uses
Epoxy resin	Good electrical insulator, hard, brittle unless reinforced, resists chemicals well	Casting and encapsulation, adhesives, bonding of other materials
Melamine formaldehyde	Stiff, hard, strong, resists some chemicals and stains	Laminates for work surfaces, electrical insulation, tableware
Polyester resin	Stiff, hard, brittle unless laminated, good electrical insulator, resists chemicals well	Casting and encapsulation, bonding of other materials
Urea formaldehyde	Stiff, hard, strong, brittle, good electrical insulator	Electrical fittings, handles and control knobs, adhesives

FROM: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/resistantmaterials/materialsmaterialsrev3.shtml (14/10/2015)

METALS

Most metals are extracted from their ores using a chemical reaction. Metals are rarely used in their pure form, and are usually mixed with other metals to improve their properties. This is called an alloy. Most metals are good conductors and can be recycled.

Ferrous metals

Ferrous metals contain iron. Examples are cast iron, mild steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel, stainless steel and high speed steel.

The ferrous metals listed below are all alloys.

Composition, properties and uses of ferrous metals

Name and melting point	Properties and characteristics	Principal uses
Cast iron 1200°C	Hard skin, softer underneath, but brittle,corrodes by rusting	Parts with complex shapes which can be made by casting
Mild steel 1600°C	Tough, ductile, malleable, good tensile strength, poor resistance to corrosion	General purpose engineering material
High carbon steel 1800°C	Even harder than medium carbon steel and more brittle, can be heat-treated to make it harder and tougher	Cutting tools, ball bearings
Stainless steel 1400°C	Hard and tough, resistant to wear and corrosion	Cutlery, kitchen equipment

Non-ferrous metals

Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron. Some common non-ferrous metals are aluminium, Duralumin, copper, zinc, brass, gilding metal and tin.

Composition, properties and uses of non-ferrous metals:

Name and melting point	Composition	Properties and characteristics	Principal uses
Aluminium 660°C	Pure aluminium	Good strength-to-weight ratio, light, soft, ductile, good conductor of heat and electricity	Kitchen equipment, window frames, general cast components
Copper 1080°C	Pure copper	Malleable and ductile, good conductor of heat and electricity, resistant to corrosion	Water pipes, electrical wire, decorative goods
Brass 900-1000°C	Alloy	Resistant to corrosion, fairly hard, good conductor of heat and electricity	Ornaments, cast items such as water taps
Tin 230°C	Pure tin	Soft, weak, malleable, ductile and resistant to corrosion	Usually used for coating steel to form tin-plate, soft solder

FROM: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/resistantmaterials/materialsmaterialsrev2.shtml (14/10/2015)